HLT-362 Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals

Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals

Topic 1: What Is Statistics and Why It Is Important to Health Sciences?
Objectives:

• Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals
• Describe an example of each type of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio.
• Define basic statistical terms.
• Explain the historical application of statistics.
• Describe the application of statistics in health care quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership.

Resources

• Fundamentals of Statistics 1: Basic Concepts :: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
• Read “Fundamentals of Statistics 1: Basic Concepts :: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio,” located on the
• Usable Stats website. http://www.usablestats.com/lessons/noir
• Nominal, Ordinal, Interval Ratio: Examples
• Read “Nominal, Ordinal, Interval Ratio: Examples,” by Stephanie (2014), located on the Statistics How To website. https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/nominal-ordinal-interval-ratio/
• Data and Statistics
• Explore the Data and Statistics page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. https://www.cdc.gov/datastatistics/index.html
• Introduction
• Read “Introduction,” and watch the associated videos by Lane, Hebl, Osherson, and Zeimer, from Online
• Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study. http://onlinestatbook.com/2/introduction/introduction.html
• Health Topics: Health Statistics
• Explore the Health Statistics page of the MedlinePluse website. https://medlineplus.gov/healthstatistics.html
• Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing: Levels of Evidence
• Read “Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing: Levels of Evidence,” located on the Northern Virginia Community College website. https://libguides.nvcc.edu/c.php?g=361218&p=2439383
• The Visual Learner: Statistics
• Refer to the “Visual Learner: Statistics” to learn more about the statistical calculations presented in this topic. http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
• Health Statistics
• Explore the Health Statistics page of the MedlinePlus website. https://medlineplus.gov/healthstatistics.html
• Applied Statistics for Health Care
• Read Chapter 1 in Applied Statistics for Health Care.
• Page 3 Grand Canyon University 2022 © Prepared on: Apr 12, 2022 https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/applied-statistics-for-healthcare_1e.php
• Measuring the Quality of Healthcare in the U.S.
• Read “Measuring the Quality of Healthcare in the U.S.,” by Claxton, Cox, Gonzales, Kamal, and Levitt (2015), located on the Peterson-Kaiser Health System Tracker website. https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/measuring-the-quality-of-healthcare-in-the-u-s/#item-start
• Health
• Explore Health page of the United States Census Bureau website. https://www.census.gov/topics/health.html
• Quality Data Critical to Healthcare Decision-Making
• Read “Quality Data Critical to Healthcare Decision-Making,” by Nicholson and Penney (2004), located on the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) website. http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=106428#.XHmI_KB7mUk
• Assessments
• Class Introductions
• Take a moment to explore your new classroom and introduce yourself to your fellow classmates. What are you excited about learning? What do you think will be most challenging?
• Topic 1 DQ 1
  • Discuss the historical application of statistics in the field of health care. Describe an example, other than
  • Florence Nightingale’s contributions, where statistical application has greatly influenced or changed health
  • care operations or practice.
• Topic 1 DQ 2
  • Discuss why it is important for a person working in health care to understand statistical concepts. Provide an
  • example of how statistical data is used in your organization or specialty area today and what you are expected
  • to do with this information as a practitioner.
• Application of Statistics in Health Care
• Statistical application and the interpretation of data is important in health care. Review the statistical concepts covered in this topic. In a 750-1,000 word paper, discuss the significance of statistical application in health care. Include the following:
  • Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership.
  • Consider your organization or specialty area and how you utilize statistical knowledge. Discuss how you obtain statistical data, how statistical knowledge is used in day-to-day operations and how you apply it or use it in decision making.
  • Three peer-reviewed, scholarly or professional references are required.
    Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
    You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
    Quiz 1
    This quiz tests your knowledge on the statistical concepts presented in this topic.

Topic 2: Population and Sampling Distributions
Objectives:

• Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals
• Identify examples of descriptive and inferential statistics.
• Describe strategies for selecting a sample from a population.
• Identify key questions you will ask/answer when reading a research study.

Resources

• Applied Statistics for Health Care
  • Read Chapter 2 in Applied Statistics for Health Care. https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/applied-statistics-for-healthcare_1e.php
  • Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD
  • Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial
    • Read “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD
  • Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” by Utens et al., from International Journal of Nursing tudents (2013).
  • Review article in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 1” document to help prepare for the article analysis assignment due in this topic. https://www-sciencedirect-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0020748913000941
• Article Analysis Example 1
• Review this document in conjunction with the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial” article to help prepare for the article analysis assignment due in this topic.
• Chapter 8: Strategies for Sampling
• Read “Chapter 8: Strategies for Sampling,” by Morse, from the online eBook, Qualitative Nursing Research: A Contemporary Dialogue (1991), available on the SAGE Research Methods website. https://methods-sagepub-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/book/qualitative-nursing-research/n16.xml
• Article Analysis 1
  • Use the Article Analysis 1″ template to complete the Article Analysis 1 assignment.
  • Page 6 Grand Canyon University 2022 © Prepared on: Apr 12, 2022
• Chapter 9: Sampling Distributions
  • Read “Chapter 9: Sampling Distributions,” and watch the associated videos by Utens et al., from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study. http://onlinestatbook.com/2/sampling_distributions/sampling_distributions.html
• Eight Questions to Ask When Interpreting Academic Studies: A Primer for Media
  • Read “Eight Questions to Ask When Interpreting Academic Studies: A Primer for Media,” by Feldman and Wihbey (2015), located on the Journalist’s Resource website. https://journalistsresource.org/tip-sheets/research/interpreting-academic-studies-primer-media/
• Research 101: Descriptive Statistics
  • Read “Research 101: Descriptive Statistics,” by Conner and Johnson, from American Nurse Today (2017). https://www.americannursetoday.com/research-101-descriptive-statistics/
• Sampling Methods in Clinical Research: an Educational Review
  • Read “Sampling Methods in Clinical Research: an Educational Review,” by Elfil and Negida, from Emergency (2017). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5325924/
• Ten Scientific Questions to Ask About Scientific Studies
  • Read “Ten Scientific Questions to Ask About Scientific Studies,” by Smith, from Greater Good Magazine (2015). https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/10_questions_to_ask_about_scientific_studies
• The Visual Learner: Statistics
  • Refer to the “Visual Learner: Statistics” to learn more about the statistical calculations presented in this topic. http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
• Assessments

Topic 2 DQ 1

• Select a research article, other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library. Provide an overview of the study and describe the strategy that was used to select the sample from the population.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the sampling method selected. Provide support for your answer. Include the article title and permalink in your post.
• Topic 2 DQ 2
  • Using the research article selected for DQ 1, identify three key questions you will ask and answer when reading the research study and why these questions are important. When responding to peers, provide other questions and answers that could be considered in relation to the peers’ studies.
• Article Analysis 1
  • The interpretation of research in health care is essential to decision making. By understanding research, health care providers can identify risk factors, trends, outcomes for treatment, health care costs and best practices. To be effective in evaluating and interpreting research, the reader must first understand how to interpret the findings. You will practice article analysis in Topics 2, 3, and 5.
• For this assignment:
  • Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the topic Resources or textbook. Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis 1″ template.
  • Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD
  • Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 1,” for an example of an article analysis.
  • While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
• Topic 2 Participation

Topic 3: Clinical Inquiry and Hypothesis Testing
Objectives:

• Evaluate hypothesis testing approaches and their application to health care.
• Define dependent and independent variables and their role in hypothesis testing.
• Describe evidence used to “reject “or “do not reject” the null hypothesis.
• Evaluate the relationship between hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.
  
  Resources
  Applied Statistics for Health Care
• Read Chapter 3 in Applied Statistics for Health Care. https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/applied-statistics-for-healthcare_1e.php
  Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD
  • Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial
    Review “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD
  • Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” by Utens et al., from International Journal of Nursing Students (2013).
• Review this article in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 2” document to help prepare for the article analysis assignment due in this topic. https://www-sciencedirect-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0020748913000941
  The Visual Learner: Statistics
• Refer to the “Visual Learner: Statistics” to learn more about the statistical calculations presented in this topic. http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
  Identifying the Differences Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Original Research
• Read “Identifying the Differences Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Original Research,” by Baker et al., from Journal of Emergency Nursing (2014). https://www.jenonline.org/article/S0099-1767(13)00605-3/pdf
  The Difference Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Research
• Read “The Difference Between Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Research,” by Ginex, from ONS Voice (2017), located on the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) website. https://voice.ons.org/news-and-views/oncology-research-quality-improvement-evidence-based-practice
  Probability, Clinical Decision Making and Hypothesis Testing
• Read “Probability, Clinical Decision Making and Hypothesis Testing,” by Banerjee, Jadhave, and Bhawalker, from Industrial Psychiatry Journal (2009). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016704/
  Chapter 12: Test of Means
• Read “Chapter 12: Test of Means” and watch the associated videos, by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
  http://onlinestatbook.com/2/tests_of_means/testing_means.html
  Statistical Versus Clinical Significance in Nursing Research
• Read “Statistical Versus Clinical Significance in Nursing Research,” by El-Masri, from Canadian Journal of Nursing Research (2016). https://journals.sagepub.com/stoken/default+domain/49wntTs5dFgrX94WR3q6/full
  Article Analysis 2
  • Use the “Article Analysis 2” template to complete the Article Analysis 2 assignment.
• Chapter 11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing
  • Read “Chapter 11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing,” and watch the associated videos by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
    http://onlinestatbook.com/2/logic_of_hypothesis_testing/logic_hypothesis.html
• Chapter 6: Research Design
  • Read “Chapter 6: Research Design” and watch the associated videos, by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study. http://onlinestatbook.com/2/research_design/contents.html
• Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing
  • Read “Understanding Null Hypothesis Testing,” by Jhangiani and Chiang, from the online eBook, Research Methods in Psychology (2013), available on the BC Campus Open Ed website. https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/understanding-null-hypothesis-testing/
• Hypothesis Testing, Type I and Type II Errors
  • Read “Hypothesis Testing, Type I and Type II Errors,” by Banerjee, Chitnis, Jadhay, Bhawalkar, and Chaudhury, from Industrial Psychiatry Journal (2009).
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996198/
• Probability, Proof, and Clinical Significance
  • Read “Probability, Proof, and Clinical Significance,” by Skelly, from Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal (2011). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3506143/
• Chapter 10: Estimation
  • Read “Chapter 10: Estimation” and watch the associated videos, by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
    http://onlinestatbook.com/2/estimation/estimation.html
• Article Analysis Example 2
• Review this document in conjunction with the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial” article to help prepare for the article analysis assignment due in this topic.
  Assessments
  Topic 3 DQ 1
  Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting
  the null hypothesis. Discuss why this is important in your practice and with patient interactions.
  Topic 3 DQ 2
  Evaluate and provide examples of how hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are used together in health
  care research. Provide a workplace example that illustrates your ideas.
  Article Analysis 2
  Search the GCU Library and find two new health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use
  articles from a previous assignment, or articles that appear in the topic Resources or textbook.
  Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis: Part 2” template.
  Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD
  Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 2,”
  for an example of an article analysis.
  While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and
  documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the
  APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
  This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar
  with the expectations for successful completion.
  You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is
  located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
  Quiz 2
  This cumulative quiz tests your understanding of concepts, terminology and statistical application presented in
  Topics 1-3.
  Topic 3 Participation

Topic 4: Statistical Analysis
Objectives:

• Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals.
• Differentiate among experimental research, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research.
• Identify key differences between qualitative and quantitative research.
• Differentiate between research and quality improvement.
  
  Resources
  Is This Quality Improvement or Research?
  Read “Is This Quality Improvement or Research?” by Merrill, from American Nurse Today (2015).
  https://www.americannursetoday.com/quality-improvement-research/
  Chapter 14: Regression
  Review “Chapter 14: Regression,” and watch the associated videos by Lane, from Online Statistics Education: An
  Interactive Multimedia Course of Study.
  http://onlinestatbook.com/2/regression/regression.html
  Focusing on the Fundamentals: A Simplistic Differentiation Between Qualitative and
  Quantitative Research
  Read “Focusing on the Fundamentals: A Simplistic Differentiation Between Qualitative and Quantitative
  Research,” by Rutberg and Bouikidis, from Nephrology Nursing Journal (2018).
  https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
  direct=true&db=ccm&AN=129106232&site=eds-live&scope=site
  Differentiating Between Research and Quality Improvement
  Read “Differentiating Between Research and Quality Improvement,” by Gregory, from Journal of Perinatal and
  Neonatal Nursing (2015).
  https://www.nursingcenter.com/pdfjournal?
  AID=3099809&an=00005237-201504000-00005&Journal_ID=54008&Issue_ID=3099787
  Page 13 Grand Canyon University 2022 © Prepared on: Apr 12, 2022
  Applied Statistics for Health Care
  Read Chapter 4 in Applied Statistics for Health Care.
  https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/applied-statistics-for-healthcare_
  1e.php
  Chapter 44: Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety
  Read “Chapter 44: Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety,” by Hughes, from the
  online eBook, Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses (2008), available on the
  National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/
  The Visual Learner: Statistics
  Refer to the “Visual Learner: Statistics” to learn more about the statistical calculations presented in this topic.
  http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
  Assessments
  Topic 4 DQ 1
  Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library
  and explain how each research type differs from the others. When replying to peers, evaluate the
  effectiveness of the research design of the study for two of the examples provided.
  Topic 4 DQ 2
  Describe the difference between research and quality improvement. Provide a workplace example where
  qualitative and quantitative research is applied and how it was used within your organization. When replying
  to peers, discuss how these research findings might be incorporated into another health care setting.
  Quality Improvement Proposal
  Identify a quality improvement opportunity in your organization or practice. In a 1,250-1,500 word paper,
  describe the problem or issue and propose a quality improvement initiative based on evidence-based practice.
  Apply “The Road to Evidence-Based Practice” process, illustrated in Chapter 4 of your textbook, to create your
  proposal.
  Include the following:

Provide an overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs.

Explain why a quality improvement initiative is needed in this area and the expected outcome.

Discuss how the results of previous research demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative
and its projected outcomes. Include a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5
years, not included in the Class Resources or textbook, that establish evidence in support of the quality
improvement proposed.

Discuss steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative. Provide evidence and rationale to
support your answer.

Explain how the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated to determine whether there was
improvement.

Support your explanation by identifying the variables, hypothesis test, and statistical test that you would
need to prove that the quality improvement initiative succeeded.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and
documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the
APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar
with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is
located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Topic 4 Participation

Topic 5: Discovering Relationships and Building Models
Objectives:

• Analyze a specified data set.
• Describe how data influences epidemiological practices.
• Evaluate data analyzed from research articles using different types of variables.
  
  Resources
  Secondary Data Analysis: Ethical Issues and Challenges
  Read “Secondary Data Analysis: Ethical Issues and Challenges,” by Tripathy, from Iranian Journal of Public
  Health (2013).
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441947/
  Excel for Windows Training
  Review the “Excel for Windows Training” modules, located on the Microsoft Office website, and use them as
  resources for the Summary and Descriptive Data assignment, as needed.
  https://support.office.com/en-us/article/excel-for-windows-training-9bc05390-e94c-46af-a5b3-d7c22f6990bb
  Ethics in Medical Research and Publication
  Read “Ethics in Medical Research and Publication,” by Masic, Hodzic, and Mulic, from International Journal of
  Preventative Medicine (2014).
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4192767/
  Ethical Challenges of Researchers in Qualitative Studies: The Necessity to Develop a Specific
  Guideline
  Read “Ethical Challenges of Researchers in Qualitative Studies: The Necessity to Develop a Specific Guideline,”
  by Sanjari, Bahramnezhad, Fomani, Shoghi, and Cheraghi, from Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine
  (2014).
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263394/
  Chapter 2. Health Databases and Health Database Organizations: Uses, Benefits, and
  Concerns
  Read “Chapter 2. Health Databases and Health Database Organizations: Uses, Benefits, and Concerns,” by
  Donaldson and Lohr, from the online eBook, Health Data in the Information Age: Use, Discloser, and Privacy
  (1994), available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236556/
  Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
  Use the “Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics” template to complete the Article Analysis and
  Evaluation of Research Ethics assignment.
  Page 16 Grand Canyon University 2022 © Prepared on: Apr 12, 2022
  Challenges in Conducting Qualitative Research in Health: A Conceptual Paper
  Read “Challenges in Conducting Qualitative Research in Health: A Conceptual Paper,” by Khankeh, Ranjbar,
  Khorasani-Zavareh, Zargham-Boroujeni, and Johansson, from Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research
  (2015).
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700679/
  What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research? Is There a Conflict Between the
  Research Ethics and the Nature of Nursing?
  Read “What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research? Is There a Conflict Between the Research
  Ethics and the Nature of Nursing?” by Fouka and Mantzorou, from Health Scinece Journal (2011).
  http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/what-are-the-major-ethical-issues-in-conducting-research-is-there-a-conflictbetween-
  the-research-ethics-and-the-nature-of-nursing.php?aid=3485
  The Visual Learner: Statistics
  Refer to the “Visual Learner: Statistics” to learn more about the statistical calculations presented in this topic.
  http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
  National Cancer Institute Data
  Use the “National Cancer Institute Data” Excel spreadsheet to complete the Summary and Descriptive
  Statistics assignment.
  Using Epidemiological Data to Guide Clinical Practice: Review of Studies on Cardiovascular
  Disease and Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives
  Read “Using Epidemiological Data to Guide Clinical Practice: Review of Studies on Cardiovascular Disease and
  Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives,” by Hannaford and Owen-Smith, from BMJ (1998).
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC28503/
  Applied Statistics for Health Care
  Read Chapter 5 in Applied Statistics for Health Care.
  https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/applied-statistics-for-healthcare_
  1e.php
  
  Assessments
  Topic 5 DQ 1
  Describe how epidemiological data influences changes in health practices. Provide an example and explain
  what data would be necessary to make a change in practice.
  Topic 5 DQ 2
  Discuss ways your organization uses technology to gather patient and health care information, and how this
  information and data are used to direct patient care and outcomes.
  Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
  Search the GCU Library and find one new health care article that uses quantitative research. Do not use an
  article from a previous assignment, or that appears in the topic Resources or textbook.
  Complete an article analysis and ethics evaluation of the research using the “Article Analysis and Evaluation of
  Research Ethics” template. See Chapter 5 of your textbook as needed, for assistance.
  While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and
  documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the
  APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
  This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar
  with the expectations for successful completion.
  You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is
  located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
  Summary and Descriptive Statistics
  There is often the requirement to evaluate descriptive statistics for data within the organization or for health
  care information. Every year the National Cancer Institute collects and publishes data based on patient
  demographics. Understanding differences between the groups based upon the collected data often informs
  health care professionals towards research, treatment options, or patient education.
  Using the data on the “National Cancer Institute Data” Excel spreadsheet, calculate the descriptive statistics
  indicated below for each of the Race/Ethnicity groups. Refer to your textbook and the topic Resources, as
  needed, for assistance in with creating Excel formulas.
  Provide the following descriptive statistics:

Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode

Measures of Variation: Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range (a formula is not needed for Range).

Once the data is calculated, provide a 150-250 word analysis of the descriptive statistics on the spreadsheet.
This should include differences and health outcomes between groups.
APA style is not required, but solid academic writing􀀀ise xpected.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar
with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
Topic 5 Participation